DNA T&T A
The process of _________ takes place in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes and in nucleus in eukaryotes.
Transcription
__________ is the beginning of transcription. It occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.
Initiation
_________ is the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand.
Elongation
_______ is the ending of transcription and occurs when RNA polymerase crosses a stop sequence in the gene.
Termination
The transcription of RNA from DNA takes place in several steps. In which step of transcription does RNA polymerase actively build the mRNA strand by attaching RNA bases to one another one by one by using the DNA as a template?
Responses
Elongation
The ____________ undergoes extensive processing before it is ready to be translated.
eukaryotic pre-mRNA
A polymerase adds a string of approximately 200 A residues, called the __________
poly-A tail
Eukaryotic genes are composed of ______, which correspond to protein-coding sequences
exons
For pre-mRNA to become mRNA it must be processed. Which of the following is NOT a step in the processing of pre-mRNA to mRNA?
Responses
The deletion of all the exons in the pre-mRNA
________ protect(s) the pre-mRNA molecule.
The 3′ poly-A tail
The ________ is made from the DNA template by using complementary base pairing rules and will become functional proteins.
mRNA strand
What is the first mRNA processing step?
5′ capping
The _________, or protein synthesis, involves the decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide product
process of translation
Translation requires the input of an ______________ , ribosomes, tRNAs, and various enzymatic factors.
mRNA template
A _______ is a complex macromolecule composed of structural and catalytic rRNAs, and many distinct polypeptides.
ribosome
The _________ are structural RNA molecules that were transcribed from genes by RNA polymerase III.
tRNAs
tRNAs need to interact with three factors:
The formation of a protein via translation works almost like an assembly line. If during the assembly of a protein an amino acid fails to make it to the polypeptide chain to be attached then which of the following components is responsible?
Responses
The tRNA
Scientists theorized that amino acids were encoded by_____________.
nucleotide triplets
These nucleotide triplets are called ______________.
codons
The genetic code is__________.
Universal
Giovanni is researching how cells synthesize proteins during translation. Which of the following is responsible for telling our cells where the end of a polypeptide chain should be?
Responses
nonsense codons
Translation requires the input of an ____________, ribosomes, tRNAs, and various enzym
MRNA template
n E. coli, this complex involves the small ________________.
30S ribosome, the mRNA template, initiation factors and a special initiator tRNA
During translation a ribosome will read the mRNA codon by codon. What phase of translation would the ribosome be in if reading the codon that codes for methionine?
Initiation