During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is provided by a molecule called__________.
adenosine triphosphate
A_________________ is a series of chemical reactions that takes a starting molecule and modifies it.
metabolic pathway
____________ is composed of synthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism).
metabolism
___________refers to the study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter.
Thermodynamics
some energy is lost as heat energy during_____________________.
cellular metabolic reactions
Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as___________.
entropy
Energy associated with objects in motion is called_________.
kinetic energy
Sasha works in a lab and is currently conducting an experiment which requires heat in order for the reaction to take place. The addition of heat into this reaction in order for it to take place signifies that this reaction is
an endergonic reaction
A substance that helps a chemical reaction to occur is called a________.
catalyst
Increasing the environmental temperature generally_____________________.
increases reaction rates
High entropy means high disorder and_____________.
low energy.
exergonic means?
energy is exiting the system.
If energy is released during a chemical reaction, then the change in free energy, signified as__________ will be a negative number.
∆G (delta G)
An ___________ will not take place on its own without the addition of free energy.
endergonic reaction
Teresa is visiting a theme park today and plans to ride many of the rides. On which ride is Teresa exemplifying potential energy?
Responses
Teresa stalls at the top of the rollercoaster for a few seconds as she anticipates the drop down the hill.
Remember that _________ require energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones and _________________release energy when complex molecules are broken down.
anabolic cellular pathways; catabolic pathways
1.How is the energy associated with these chemical reactions quantified and expressed?
2.How can the energy released from one reaction be compared to that of another reaction?
A measurement of free energy is used to quantify these energy transfers.
Thermodynamically, ___________ is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that is not work.
heat energy
Open and closed systems are complete opposites of one another. All of the following are examples of open systems EXCEPT which one?
A pressure cooker
If a chemical reaction absorbs energy rather than releases energy on balance, then the ∆G for that reaction will be
a positive value.
Martha runs marathons as a hobby. During each marathon her body relies on energy stored in her body’s cells to fuel her. As Martha’s body begins to break down carbohydrates and then lipids to release energy to move her muscles what is taking place?
A catabolic reaction is taking place
The first law of thermodynamics states that___________________________.
the total amount of energy in the universe is constant and conserved. (A.K.A) there has always been, and always will be, exactly the same amount of energy in the universe.
he energy that was required to lift the wrecking ball did not disappear, but is now stored in the wrecking ball by virtue of its position and the force of gravity acting on it. This type of energy is called_________________.
potential energy
Which of the following statements about the second law of thermodynamics is TRUE?
The second law of thermodynamics states that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.
The laws of thermodynamics explain how energy moves within our universe. Which of the following does NOT support the First Law of Thermodynamics?
Responses
When humans exercise energy stored in fat cells are destroyed